Shaping Bread Dough: How to Shape a Boule, Bâtard, and Pan Loaf

Shaping bread dough is another essential step in sourdough baking. Learn how to shape a boule (round), a bâtard (oblong), and a pan loaf. Each one has its own shaping technique.

I have also included links to shaping videos further down the page so you can watch the movements in action.

Why shape bread dough?

After the bench rest, it is time to shape the bread dough into its final form. This step helps build height, structure, and surface tension, like a smooth "skin" on the outside of the dough. This tension allows the dough to rise upwards during baking instead of spreading out.

How to shape a Boule (Round Loaf)

The word "boule" comes from French and means "ball." It is one of the easiest shapes to start with. There are two main techniques you can use:

• Folding technique: This works well for a weaker dough.
• Gathering technique: It is great for stronger, more elastic dough.

Folding technique for shaping a boule

• Sprinkle a little flour on the dough and your work surface to prevent sticking. You can use bread flour, all-purpose flour, or white rice flour.

• Carefully flip the dough onto your work surface with the sticky side up and stretch it gently into a rough rectangle shape.

• Take the left side of the dough, fold it toward the center, and press it lightly so it sticks.

• Do the same with the right side, folding it over the left side and pressing gently to keep it in place.

• Using both hands, roll the dough from the top edge down to the bottom to form a loose ball. Let it rest for a few seconds to allow it to relax.

• Cup your hands like a bowl to gently pull the dough ball toward you. This will tighten the surface of the dough while its bottom sticks to the table.

• Rotate the dough about a quarter turn (90 degrees) so a new side faces you. Do not flip it over; keep the same side facing up the whole time. Repeat the pulling motion toward you. Each pull tightens the surface more.

• Continue rotating a quarter turn and pulling until you've gone around the dough 3-4 times. The dough should look smooth, round, and hold its shape on the counter.

• Use a bench scraper to flip the dough, seam side up, into the prepared round banneton or a similar container (banneton alternative).

Gathering technique for shaping a boule

How to shape a Bâtard (Oval Loaf)

A bâtard is a French term for a loaf with an oval or oblong shape. You can shape it in two common ways, and there is also a special technique created by Wayne Caddy.

1. Stitching technique (sometimes called the "envelope" technique): This helps build a structure while gently pushing out extra air.
2. Cinching technique: This creates surface tension on the dough without popping air bubbles.
3. Caddy Clasp technique: Creates tall, symmetrical loaves.

Stitching technique for shaping bâtard

• Lightly dust the top of the dough and your work surface with a little bread flour, all-purpose flour, or white rice flour to prevent sticking.

• Flip the dough onto the floured surface and carefully stretch it into a rough rectangle shape.

• Lift the bottom edge of the dough and fold it up toward the center, as if closing an envelope. Press gently so it sticks in place.

• With both hands, gently stretch the right and left sides of the dough outward.

• Fold the right side over the center of the dough and press lightly.

• Fold the left side over the center to overlap the right fold, then press lightly again.

• Stretch the top edge of the dough outward slightly, then fold it down over the middle, overlapping the folds you just made.

• To "stitch" the dough, use both hands to fold the right and left edges over each other, working from top to bottom. Repeat this 3 to 5 times to seal the loaf tightly.

• Starting at the bottom edge, roll the dough up tightly over itself until the roll is finished.

• Use your fingers (index and thumb) to pinch and seal the ends of the loaf firmly.

• Tighten the seam side using the bench scraper or your hands by pulling the long side of the bâtard along the working surface.

• Finally, use the bench scraper to carefully flip the bâtard into a prepared proofing basket or an alternative container, placing it seam-side up.

Cinching technique for shaping bâtard

Caddy Clasp shaping technique

The Caddy Clasp technique, made popular by Wayne Caddy, is a simple and quick way to shape a bâtard, especially helpful when working with large batches. It helps create tall and symmetrical loaves.

This method doesn't involve folding, rolling, or stitching but focuses on squeezing the dough to create surface tension. Pre-shaping the dough is very important before using the Caddy Clasp technique.

Here are the three main variations:

Single Clasp:

1. Use a bench scraper and flip the pre-shaped dough onto one hand, with the sticky side facing up.
2. Squeeze the dough with both hands, pressing it together.
3. Place the dough into the banneton with the seam side facing up and clasp it to create tension.

Watch the single Caddy Clasp technique by @wayne_caddy.

Double Clasp:

1. Take the pre-shaped dough with a bench scraper and flip it onto one hand, with the sticky side facing up.
2. Use both hands to squeeze the dough toward the center and place it on the working surface.
3. Move to the other sides of the dough and repeat the squeezing, crimping the ends as you go.
4. Place the dough into the banneton.

Watch the double Caddy Clasp technique by @wayne_caddy.

Tri-fold and clasp: 

1. Lightly flour your working surface to prevent the dough from sticking.
2. Gently stretch your dough into a rough rectangle shape.
3. Take one edge of the dough and fold it toward the center, forming a letter shape. Then, fold the opposite side over the first fold.
4. With both hands, gently squeeze the dough toward the center.
5. Transfer the dough to the prepared banneton with the seam side facing up and clasp it to create tension.

Final top stitching for a boule and bâtard

After shaping the dough with the stitching or cinching technique and placing it in the proofing basket, let it rest for about 5 minutes to relax.

Next, stitch the dough to create tension on the outside. This tension helps the dough rise instead of spreading out when you score it (since the stitching stays at the bottom). If you used the Caddy Clasp technique, you can skip the final stitching since the clasp does the job.

The way you stitch the dough differs between a boule and a bâtard.

For a boule:

1. Use three fingers to lift a small section of the dough and fold it toward the center. Gently press it into place.
2. Repeat this around the boule 6 to 7 times, making a total of 6-7 stitches, similar to the approach demonstrated by @southworth_sourdough.

For a bâtard:

1. Work along the middle line of the dough, using three fingers from each hand.
2. Depending on the banneton's orientation, fold the edges left to right or top to bottom over one another, forming 5-7 stitches, as shown by @bakingshots.

If you want a simpler version of stitching a bâtard, you can check out tips from @flourhousbreadco for an easier approach.

Here is how the bâtard looks before and after stitching.

How to shape a pan loaf

Shaping a pan loaf usually relies on the cinching technique used for bâtard shaping (see above). It works perfectly for 8-9-inch loaf pans.

However, it doesn't create a long enough oval for pans 10 inches or larger. For those, I recommend this shaping method instead.

Top tips

• Handle with care: Be gentle when working with sourdough. Don't press too hard while shaping to preserve the air pockets.

• Lightly flour the work surface: Use just enough flour to prevent the dough from sticking, but avoid overflouring. Too much flour can make shaping harder and stop the dough from sealing properly.

• Create surface tension: Use your hands to gently pull the dough across the work surface, tucking the edges under as you go. This helps build tension without tearing.

• Flip the dough correctly: When placing the dough in a banneton, flip a boule or batard with the seam side facing up. For a pan loaf, flip with the seam side facing down.

• Keep it simple: For beginners, start with simple shapes, such as a boule (round). It is forgiving and easier to manage. Over time, you can experiment with other shaping techniques.

• Use the right proofing tools: A banneton or alternatives help maintain shape during final proofing and prevent sticking.

• Pop bubbles: Use a toothpick to gently pop any large bubbles while shaping or in the banneton. These big fermentation bubbles cause large holes, so releasing them helps achieve a denser, more even crumb (yes, to keep the butter!).

Handling dough: gentle vs. firm techniques

Should you handle the dough gently or more roughly when shaping it? It depends on its strength and the type of crumb you want.

• For high-protein flour, use a slightly rougher technique, like slapping the dough and popping large bubbles as you go. Check out a short video by @padocadoalex for an example.

• For an open crumb, use a gentle touch to preserve the dough's structure. Watch the shaping technique by @trevorjaywilson as a great example.

The general rule is that shaping goes well as long as the outer layer of the dough remains intact and doesn't tear.

Watch shaping techniques

Watch videos on Instagram and YouTube for sourdough shaping techniques. Here are a few to watch:

• "Gathering" technique for a boule from @eds_bred
• "Envelope" technique from @theinvybaker, "Stitching" technique from @trevorjaywilson, and again "Envelope" shaping from @padocadoalex
• "Cinching" technique and a variation of "cinching" from @trevorjaywilson
• "Degassing" technique for lower hydration bread from @trevorjaywilson

Let's talk sourdough

What's your go-to shaping style? Do you love the rustic round of a boule, the elegant bâtard, or the classic pan loaf for that perfect crust?

Ready to keep learning?

If you are still learning, the next step is to understand the process of sourdough proofing.